GCHQ
As we become ever-more aware of how our governments “eavesdrop” on our conversations, here is a gripping exploration of this unknown realm of the British secret service: Government Communication Headquarters (GCHQ).GCHQ is the successor to the famous Bletchley Park wartime code-breaking organisation and is the largest and most secretive intelligence organisation in the country. During the war, it commanded more staff than MI5 and MI6 combined and has produced a number of intelligence triumphs as well as some notable failures. Since the end of the Cold War, it has played a pivotal role in shaping Britain's secret state. Still, we know almost nothing about it.In this ground-breaking book, Richard J. Aldrich traces GCHQ's evolvement from a wartime code breaking operation based in the Bedfordshire countryside to one of the world's leading espionage organisations. Focusing in part on GCHQ's remarkably intimate relationship with its American partner, the National Security Agency (NSA), Aldrich also examines both the impact of the Second World War on GCHQ and the breakthroughs made after the war was over.Today's GCHQ struggles with some of the most difficult issues of our time. A leading force of the state's security efforts against militant terrorist organisations like Al-Qaeda, they are also involved in fundamental issues that will mould the future of British society. Compelling and revelatory, Aldrich’s book is espionage writing of the utmost importance.
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GCHQ
Richard J. Aldrich
The Uncensored Story of Britain’s Most Secret Intelligence Agency
HarperPress
An imprint of HarperCollinsPublishers Ltd.
1 London Bridge Street
London SE1 9GF
Published by HarperPress in 2010
Copyright © Richard J. Aldrich 2010
Richard J. Aldrich asserts the moral right to be identified as the author of this work
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
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Source ISBN: 9780007312665
Ebook Edition © JUNE 2010 ISBN: 9780007357123 Version: 2016-08-23
For Libby (for the dark night-time)
Table of Contents
Sigint and Comsec Locations in the UK
THE 1940s BLETCHLEY PARK AND BEYOND
4 The KGB and the Venona Project
5 UKUSA – Creating the Global Sigint Alliance
THE 1950s FIGHTING THE ELECTRONIC WAR
6 ‘Elint’ and the Soviet Nuclear Target
8 Sigint in the Sun – GCHQ’s Overseas Empire
9 Blake, Bugs and the Berlin Tunnel
THE 1960s SPACE, SPY SHIPS AND SCANDALS
11 Harold Macmillan – Shootdowns, Cyphers and Spending
12 Harold Wilson – Security Scandals and Spy Revelations
14 Staying Ahead – Sigint Ships and Spy Planes
THE 1970s TURBULENCE AND TERROR
18 Unmasking GCHQ: The ABC Trial
THE 1980s INTO THE THATCHER ERA
19 Geoffrey Prime–The GCHQ Mole
20 A Surprise Attack – The Falklands War
21 Thatcher and the GCHQ Trade Union Ban
23 From Cold War to Hot Peace – The Gulf War and Bosnia
24 The New Age of Ubiquitous Computing
25 The 9/11 Attacks and the Iraq War
26 From Bletchley Park to a Brave New World?
Appendix 3 – GCHO Organisation in 1946
Appendix 4 – GCHO Organisation in 1970
1 Adastral Park, Martlesham Heath, Suffolk, BT Research Laboratories, 1975–
2 Beaumanor/Garats Hay, Leic., post–war Army sigint base & Special Projects Agency, 1945–94
3 Bletchley Park; this remained a sigint training site after the war until 1985
4 Boddington, Glos, (RAF) military communications unit working with GCHQ
5 Bower, Bowermadden near Wick, listening station, closed 1975
6 Brawdy, Haverfordwest, Wales, 14 Signals Regiment (electronic warfare)
7 Brora, Sutherland, listening station, closed 1984
8 Capenhurst Tower, Cheshire, intercepting telephone traffic to Ireland, 1990–98
9 Cheadle, Staffs, (RAF) listening station, closed 1996
10 Cheltenham (Oakley and Benhall); GCHQ moved to the twin sites between 1952 and 1954
11 Chicksands, Beds, NSA/USAF until 1994, then UK Defence Intelligence & Security Centre
12 Cricklade, Wilts, GCHQ experimental radio station
13 Culmhead, Somerset, GCHQ Central Training School, replacing Bletchley, 1985–94
14 Digby, Lincs, main centre for RAF ground sigint and now UK joint services sigint centre
15 Edzell, Brechin, US Navy/NSA site, 1960–96
16 HMS Flowerdown, near Winchester, listening station, closed 1977
17 Gilnahirk, Belfast, listening station, closed 1978
18 Hanslope Park, near Milton Keynes, Diplomatic Wireless Service and DTMS
19 Hawklaw, (Cupar) Fife, listening station, closed 1988
20 Hereford, 264 Signal Squadron supporting 22 SAS
21 Irton Moor, Scarborough, listening station, now GCHQ Scarborough
22 Island Hill, Comber, Northern Ireland, closed 1977
23 Ivy Farm, Knockholt Pound, Kent, listening station
24 Kirknewton, near Edinburgh, US listening station, closed 1966
25 Menwith Hill, near Harrogate, US Army listening station, taken over by NSA 1963
26 HMS Mercury, near Petersfield, naval signals centre, 1941–93
27 Morwenstow, now GCHQ Bude, focused on satellite communications, 1969–
28 Oakhanger, (RAF) control centre for Skynet since 1967
29 Royal Radar Establishment, Malvern, from 1953, later Defence Research Agency
30 Waddington, Lincs, (RAF) Nimrod R1s of 51 Squadron since 1995
31 Watton, Norfolk, (RAF) Central Signals Establishment, 192 Squadron 1945–63
32 Whaddon Manor, Bucks, outstation of Bletchley Park, closed 1946
