Lenin: A biography
‘Based on research among thousands of unpublished documents concealed in the Communist Party archives until the fall of the regime, Lenin: Life and Legacy is a crushing indictment of the regime’s founder…’Sally Laird, ObserverIn the first fully documented life of one of the greatest revolutionaries in history, Dmitri Volkogonov is free for the first time to assess Lenin’s life and legacy, unconstrained by demands of political orthodoxy. In addition to showing conclusively that the violence and coercion that characterised the Soviet system derived entirely from Lenin, the author also describes in detail the personal life of Lenin: his family antecedents, his private finances, the early funding of the Bolshevik Party, his relationship with his mistress Inessa Armand, and the debilitating illness that crippled the final months of his life
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LENIN
Life and Legacy
DMITRI VOLKOGONOV
Translated and edited by Harold Shukman
HarperCollinsPublishers 1 London Bridge Street London SE1 9GF
First published in Great Britain by
HarperCollinsPublishers 1994
Copyright © Dmitri Volkogonov 1994
Translation copyright © Harold Shukman 1994
The Author asserts the moral right to be identified as the author of this work
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Source ISBN: 9780007291649
Ebook Edition © OCTOBER 2012 ISBN 9780007392674
Version: 2016-03-21
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Contents
Parvus, Ganetsky and the ‘German Key’
October and the ‘Conspiracy of Equals’
Commissars and the Constituent Assembly
The Most Capable Man in the Central Committee
The Tragedy of the Intelligentsia
| AMB | Archives of the Ministry of Security |
| AMBRF | Archives of the Ministry of Security of the Russian Federation |
| APRF | Archives of the President of the Russian Federation |
| ECCI | Executive Committee of the Communist International |
| GARF | State Archives of the Russian Federation |
| GPU | State Political Administration |
| KGB | Committee of State Security |
| NKGB | People’s Commissariat of State Security |
| NKVD | People’s Commissariat of the Interior |
| OGPU | Combined State Political Administration |
| PSS | V.I. Lenin, Polnoe sobranie sochinenii (Complete Works), 5th edition, 55 vols., Moscow, 1970–85 |
| RTsKhIDNI | Russian Centre for the Preservation and Study of Recent Historical Documentation |
| TsAKGB | Central KGB Archives |
| TsAMBRF | Central Interior Ministry Archives of the Russian Federation |
| TsAMO | Central Archives of the Ministry of Defence |
| TsGALI | Central State Archives of Literature and Art |
| TsGASA | Central State Archives of the Soviet Army |
| TsGoA | Central State Special Archive |
| TsGVIA | Central State Military History Archives |
| TsIK | Central Executive Committee |
| TsKhSD | Centre for the Preservation of Contemporary Documentation |
| VTsIK | All-Russian Central Executive Committee |
Until February 1918 dates in Russia conformed to the Julian or Old Style Calendar, which by the twentieth century was lagging thirteen days behind the Gregorian Western Calendar, or New Style. Thus, the February Revolution of 1917 took place in March according to the Western calendar and the Bolsheviks seized power on 25 October 1917, when in the West the date was 7 November. In the text we have used New Style dates, adding Old Style where any ambiguity might arise. In the following table, all dates are according to New Style.
