Thorsons
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First published by Thorsons 1996
© Julia Lawless 1996
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Julia Lawless asserts the moral right to be identified as the author of this work
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Source ISBN 9780722533499
Ebook Edition © AUGUST 2014 ISBN: 9780008108434
Version: 2014-08-26
Rosemarie, the chiefest beauties of Gardens and not to be wanted in the Kitchen.
B. Googe, Four Books of Husbandry (1577)
Rosemary has been called the ‘Prince’ of aromatic herbs – and it is not difficult to understand why! This handsome evergreen shrub with narrow, dark green leaves and small blue or mauve flowers has been cultivated since ancient times and is still a familiar sight in many gardens today. The flowers and ‘needles’ are endowed with the most delightful, refreshing scent, and rosemary has always been valued as one of the most important culinary herbs, having a strong, distinctive flavour. It has also been highly esteemed for its medicinal and cosmetic properties for thousands of years, and once played a central role in many traditional rites and ceremonies.
Rosemary belongs to the large botanical family Labiatae (Lamiaceae) along with lavender and many of the other common aromatic herbs, including marjoram, sage, thyme and mint. The native habitat of the wild rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) is Asia Minor and southern Europe; like lavender, it thrives in the Mediterranean region. It can still be found growing in profusion along the Mediterranean coastline, on the Balkan Peninsula, throughout Spain and Portugal and, to a lesser extent, in Turkey, Egypt and the Lebanon. It is one of the few shrubs that can survive the rigorous climate of the Sahara desert, although it is more at home growing in proximity to water. Indeed, its name is derived from the Latin ros (dew) and marinus (sea), meaning ‘Dew of the Sea’.
Rosemary has probably been cultivated in Great Britain for over 600 years, having been introduced by the Romans. Some sources say that it then went out of cultivation until the fourteenth century, when it was re-introduced by Queen Philippa, wife of King Edward III. Today it can be found growing in gardens throughout the world, even as far north as Canada, Scandinavia and Russia. In more northerly climes, however, it rarely grows taller than 1.2 m (4 ft) high, whereas in its natural habitat Rosmarinus officinalis can reach 1.8 m (6 ft) or more in height. It is also slightly frost-tender and needs the protection of a cold frame or the shelter of a south- or west-facing wall to survive a cold winter. Neither will rosemary tolerate water-logged conditions, and is best grown in well-drained limey soil or in a pot containing lots of broken crockery to ensure good drainage.