Vocabulary
etrology – система мер,
метрология – метрология, өлшем жүйесі
measurement – измерение – өлшеу, өлшем
to include – включать – қосу, кірістіру, жүргізу, енгізу
determination – определение – анықтау, анықтама
uncertainty – неточность, погрешность – дәл еместік, белгісіз; тәртіп бұзушылық
measurement device – измерительный прибор – өлшеуіш аспап
to embrace – охватывать – қамту; қапсыру, құрсаулау
field – область – көз аясында болу; аймақ
measure – мера – өлшем; шама, мөлшер, шегі
to measure – измерять – өлшеу
weight – вес, единица массы – салмақ, масса бірлігі
quantity – количество – сан; мөлшер сан
applied metrology – прикладная метрология – қолданбалы метрология
legal metrology – законодательная метрология – заңды метрология
industrial metrology – измерения в промышленности, промышленная метрология – өнеркәсіптегі өлшем, өнеркәсіпті метрология
technical metrology – технические измерения – техникалық өлшем
length – длина – ұзындық; қашықтық; кесінді
broad – широкий – кең; үлкен; толық, анық
unit of measurement – единица измерения – өлшеу бірлігі
traceability – единство измерений, прослеживаемость, связь средств измерений с национальными эталонами, отслеживаемость – өлшемнің біртұтастығы; бақылаушылық, өлшеу құралдарының ұлттық эталондармен байланысы, бақыланатындық
to link – связывать – байланыстыру; біріктірy; қатысу, араласу
reference standard – эталонный образец, эталонный стандарт – эталлондық үлгі, эталондық стандарт
statutory requirements – законодательное требование – заңды талап
calibration – калибровка, точное измерение, градуировка, аттестация –үлгілеу, дәл өлшем, өлшемдеу, тексеру; сынау, тексеру
Ex. 1 Read and translate the text
Metrology
Metrology is the science of measurement. Metrology includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement. Metrology is defined by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM) as «the science of measurement, embracing both experimental and theoretical determinations at any level of uncertainty in any field of science and technology)). The international vocabulary ofmetrology (VIM) is maintained by the Joint Committee for Guides in Metrology (JCGM), a group which is made up of eight international organizations.
Metrology is a very broad field and may be divided into three basic activities:
– Definition of internationally accepted unit of measurement.
– Realization of these units of measurement in practice
– Application of chains of traceability which links measurements made in practice to reference standards.
Metrology also has three basic subfields, all of which make use of the three basic activities, though in varying proportions:
– Scientific or fundamental metrology
– Applied, technical or industrial metrology
– Legal metrology
Scientific or fundamental metrology concerns the establishment of quantity systems, unit systems, units of measurement, the development of new measurement methods, realization of measurement standards and the transfer of traceability from these standards to users in society. The BIPM maintains a database of the metrological calibration and measurement capabilities of various institutes around the world. These institutes, whose activities are peer-reviewed, provide the top-level reference points for metrological traceability. In the area of measurement the BIPM has identified nine areas. These metrological areas include length,mass and time.
Applied, technical or industrial metrology concerns the application of measurement science to manufacturing and other processes and their use in society, ensuring the suitability of measurement instruments, their calibration and quality control of measurements. Although the emphasis in this area of metrology is on the measurements themselves, traceability of the calibration of the measurement devices is necessary to ensure confidence in the measurements.
