Second Language Learning in the Early School Years: Trends and Contexts

Published in this series

BACHMAN: Fundamental Considerations in Language Testing

BACHMAN and PALMER: Language Assessment in Practice

BACHMAN and PALMER: Language Testing in Practice

BATSTONE: Sociocognitive Perspectives on Language Use and Language Teaching

BRUMFIT: Individual Freedom and Language Teaching

BRUMFIT and CARTER (eds.): Literature and Language Teaching

CANAGARAJAH: Resisting Linguistic Imperialism in Language Teaching

COOK: Language Play, Language Learning

COOK: Translation in Language Teaching

COOK and SEIDLHOFER (eds.): Principle and Practice in Applied Linguistics

DÖRNYEI: Research Methods in Applied Linguistics

DÖRNYEI: The Psychology of Second Language Acquisition

ELLIS: SLA Research and Language Teaching

ELLIS: Task-based Language Learning and Teaching

ELLIS: The Study of Second Language Acquisition

ELLIS: Understanding Second Language Acquisition

ELLIS and BARKHUIZEN: Analysing Learner Language

FOTOS and NASSAJI (eds.): Form-focused Instruction and Teacher Education

HOLLIDAY: The Struggle to Teach English as an International Language

HOWATT: A History of English Language Teaching

JENKINS: The Phonology of English as an International Language

JENKINS: English as a Lingua Franca: Attitude and Identity

KERN: Literacy and Language Teaching

KRAMSCH: Context and Culture in Language Teaching

KRAMSCH: The Multilingual Subject

LANTOLF (ed.): Sociocultural Theory and Second Language Learning

LANTOLF and THORNE: Sociocultural Theory and the Genesis of Second Language Development

MACKEY: Input, Interaction, and Corrective Feedback

MACKEY (ed.): Conversational Interaction and Second Language Acquisition

MEINHOF: Language Learning in the age of Satellite Television

NATTINGER and DECARRICO: Lexical Phrases and Language Teaching

PHILLIPSON: Linguistic Imperialism

SEIDLHOFER (ed.): Controversies in Applied Linguistics

SEIDLHOFER: Understanding English as a Lingua Franca

SELIGER and SHOHAMY: Second Language Research Methods

SKEHAN: A Cognitive Approach to Language Learning

STERN: Fundamental Concepts of Language Teaching

STERN (eds. P. Allen and B. Harley): Issues and Options in Language Teaching

TARONE and BIGELOW: Focus on the Language Learner

WIDDOWSON: Aspects of Language Teaching

WIDDOWSON: Defining Issues in English Language Teaching

WIDDOWSON: Practical Stylistics

WIDDOWSON: Teaching Language as Communication

WRAY: Formulaic Language

Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, OX2 6DP, United Kingdom

Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries

© Oxford University Press 2014

The moral rights of the author have been asserted

First published in 2014

2018 2017 2016 2015 2014

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

No unauthorized photocopying

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by licence or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the ELT Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above

You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer

Links to third party websites are provided by Oxford in good faith and for information only. Oxford disclaims any responsibility for the materials contained in any third party website referenced in this work

ISBN: 978 0 19 434885 0

Printed in China

This book is printed on paper from certified and well-managed sources

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The author and publisher are grateful to those who have given permission to reproduce the following extracts and adaptations of copyright material: pp.77–8 Figures from OECD (2006), Where Immigrant Students Succeed: A Comparative Review of Performance and Engagement in PISA 2003, PISA, OECD Publishing, http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264023611-en. Reproduced by permission. pp.105–6 Figures from Dual Language Development & Disorders: A Handbook on Bilingualism & Second Language Learning, Second Edition (2011) by J. Paradis, F. Genesee, and M.B. Crago, Paul H Brookes Publishing Co., Inc., Baltimore. Reprinted by permission.

I have hugely enjoyed the process of preparing this volume, and have learned a tremendous amount. I have been so inspired by all the exciting research that is being conducted around the world addressing key issues in the area of child L2 learning and I feel very privileged to be a part of such a vibrant research community.

Most things worth doing are rarely possible without the help and support of a number of people, and writing a book is by no means an exception. There are so many people to thank who supported me throughout the process of putting this volume together that I fear the acknowledgements section itself could be as long as one of the chapters! However, there are some individuals who absolutely must be identified, for without them this book would never have been completed.