The History of Design in Kazakhstan

The History of Design in Kazakhstan
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Kazakhstan is a country where Eastern and Western traditions intertwine, and the architecture of its capital reflects this synthesis. This book explores the evolution of the country’s architectural landscape since gaining independence, the influence of national identity on urban planning decisions, and the symbolism of iconic structures. The book combines historical analysis, urban context, and an assessment of these structures’ significance for future generations.

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© Talgatkyzy Dilnaz, 2025


ISBN 978-5-0065-6031-4

Created with Ridero smart publishing system

Introduction

The theme of Kazakhstan’s history captivated me while working on the project to create a cultural museum. I truly discovered amazing and unique things as I delved into the rich and multi-layered history of this country. Each page of its past is an inexhaustible source of inspiration and wonder.

In this book, I describe the history of design development in Kazakhstan, starting from ancient times up to the present day. Design in our country has always been closely intertwined with its history. Every era, every change in the life of the people influenced the appearance of objects, spaces, and architecture. The history of Kazakhstan is marked by numerous transformations that altered the lives of millions, and as a result, their lifestyles and behaviors changed, which directly impacted the evolution of design.

When you look at ancient yurts, you are struck by their simplicity and yet profound ingenuity – the round shape, perfectly fitting into the vast steppes, was not only practical but also harmonious with the surrounding world. The nomadic lifestyle, filled with constant movement, freedom, and closeness to nature, found its reflection in their dwellings, clothing, and decorations. Every line, every ornament told a story – a story of love and suffering, victories and losses, faith in the future, and hope for a new day.

And when you gaze upon these symbols, you realize: they are not just artifacts left by our ancestors; they are living memories. Memories of how they lived, how they perceived the world, how they found and created beauty even in the harshest conditions.


Today, when looking at modern Kazakhstan with its rapidly developing cities, futuristic skyscrapers, and dynamic lines reaching for the sky, it is impossible not to feel this connection across time. The same aspirations that our ancestors had are evident in the light installations and urban architecture: a yearning for something greater, a desire to leave a mark, to contribute to the endless melody of time.

This connection of generations, culture, and history is etched in every element of the country’s design.

Ancient Traditions and Culture

Ancient traditions and culture in Kazakhstan

Exploring the design elements during the Saka and Guna periods

Imagine a time when every object had a story to tell, a purpose that went beyond utility. In the lands of Central Asia during the Saka and Guna periods, craftsmanship was not just a skill – it was an expression of identity, belief, and connection to the world. From the glow of intricately worked gold to the vibrant patterns of handwoven textiles, every creation was a testament to the artistry and spirit of its maker.

The Glow of Metal: Artistry and Symbolism

The Saka and Guna artisans were masters of metal. Picture a skilled craftsman hunched over his tools, meticulously hammering a sheet of gold into a delicate bracelet. Each curve and pattern carried meaning – geometric designs symbolized harmony, while animal motifs told stories of strength and survival. These objects were more than ornaments; they were talismans, connecting the wearer to nature and the divine.

Weapons, too, bore the mark of artistry. A warrior’s sword, inlaid with silver and adorned with scenes of mythical beasts, was not only a tool of defense but a representation of his lineage and honor. The glimmer of these objects, unearthed centuries later, continues to captivate us, revealing the sophistication of their makers.

What ties all these crafts together is their deeper purpose. For the Saka and Guna peoples, every item – from jewelry to carpets to carvings – was more than an object. It was a bridge between the earthly and the divine, between the past and the future. Craftsmen were not just creators; they were keepers of tradition, ensuring that their knowledge and values were passed down.


Centuries have passed, but the legacy of these artisans endures. Their creations, unearthed in archaeological sites or preserved in museums, continue to inspire and teach. Modern craftsmen in Central Asia still draw on these ancient techniques and motifs, merging them with contemporary design to create pieces that honor the past while embracing the future. As we look back on this rich heritage, we see that the Saka and Guna periods were not just times of survival – they were eras of profound creativity and connection. Through their craftsmanship, these ancient peoples left us a language that transcends time, speaking to us of their lives, their beliefs, and their enduring spirit.


The art of textiles held a significant place in the lives of the Saka and Huns, serving as both practical items and carriers of cultural meaning. Textile production during these periods was highly sophisticated, reflecting the creativity and craftsmanship of these nomadic peoples. For example, woven fabrics were used not only for clothing but also as wall hangings and coverings for yurts, adding warmth and beauty to their portable homes. Rugs and carpets, crafted with extraordinary skill, were essential for insulation against harsh weather conditions and were also symbols of status and wealth.



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