Enemies Within: Communists, the Cambridge Spies and the Making of Modern Britain
What pushed Blunt, Burgess, Cairncross, Maclean and Philby into Soviet hands?With access to recently released papers and other neglected documents, this sharp analysis of the intelligence world examines how and why these men and others betrayed their country and what this cost Britain and its allies.Enemies Within is a new history of the influence of Moscow on Britain told through the stories of those who chose to spy for the Soviet Union. It also challenges entrenched assumptions about abused trust, corruption and Establishment cover-ups that began with the Cambridge Five and the disappearance of Guy Burgess and Donald Maclean on the night boat to Saint-Malo in 1951.In a book that is as intellectually thrilling as it is entertaining and illuminating, Richard Davenport-Hines traces the bonds between individuals, networks and organisations over generations to offer a study of character, both individual and institutional. At its core lie the operative traits of boarding schools, the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, the Intelligence Division, Foreign Office, MI5, MI6 and Moscow Centre.Davenport-Hines tells many stories of espionage, counter-espionage and treachery. With its vast scope, ambition and scholarship, Enemies Within charts how the undermining of authority, the rejection of expertise and the suspicion of educational advantages began, and how these have transformed the social and political temper of modern Britain.
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William Collins
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This eBook first published in Great Britain by William Collins in 2018
Copyright © 2018 Richard Davenport-Hines
Cover design by Kate Gaughran
Cover images © Tallandier/bridgemanimages.com; © Keystone/Getty Images; © Lytton Strachey/Frances Partridge/Getty Images; © Keystone/Getty Images (photographs); Shutterstock.com (background texture & flag)
Richard Davenport-Hines asserts the moral right to be identified as the author of this work
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. By payment of the required fees, you have been granted the non-exclusive, non-transferable right to access and read the text of this e-book on screen. No part of this text may be reproduced, transmitted, down-loaded, decompiled, reverse engineered, or stored in or introduced into any information storage and retrieval system, in any form or by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or hereinafter invented, without the express written permission of HarperCollins.
Source ISBN: 9780007516674
Ebook Edition © January 2018 ISBN: 9780007516681
Version: 2017-12-11
The lie is a European power.
FERDINAND LASSALLE
Great is the power of steady misrepresentation.
CHARLES DARWIN
No great spy has been a short-term man.
SIR JOHN MASTERMAN
Men are classed less by achievement than by failure to achieve the impossible.
SIR ROBERT VANSITTART
Men go in herds: but every woman counts.
BLANCHE WARRE-CORNISH
Contents
Author’s Note
Glossary
Illustration Credits
PART ONE: Rules of the Game
Chapter 1: The Moscow Apparatus
Soviet espionage in foreign missions
The political culture of everlasting distrust
Chapter 2: The Intelligence Division
Chapter 3: The Whitehall Frame of Mind
Office cultures and manly trust
Chapter 4: The Vigilance Detectives
The uprising of the Metropolitan Police
Norman Ewer of the Daily Herald
The Zinoviev letter and the ARCOS raid
MI5 investigates the Ewer–Hayes network
Chapter 5: The Cipher Spies
Chapter 6: The Blueprint Spies
Industrial mobilization and espionage
Propaganda against armaments manufacturers
PART TWO: Asking for Trouble
Chapter 7: The Little Clans
School influences stronger than parental examples
Guy Burgess at Eton and Dartmouth
Chapter 8: The Cambridge Cell
Marxist converts after the 1931 crisis
Chapter 9: The Vienna Comrades
Philby’s recruitment as an agent
Chapter 10: The Ring of Five
The induction of Philby, Maclean and Burgess
The recruitment of Blunt and Cairncross
Philby in Spain: Burgess in Section D
Chapter 11: The People’s War
‘Better Communism than Nazism’
‘Softening the oaken heart of England’
Chapter 12: The Desk Officers
Maclean in London and Washington
Chapter 13: The Atomic Spies
Chapter 14: The Cold War
Dictaphones behind the wainscots?
Chapter 15: The Alcoholic Panic
PART THREE: Settling the Score
Chapter 16: The Missing Diplomats
‘All agog about the two Missing Diplomats’
‘As if evidence was the test of truth!’
Chapter 17: The Establishment
Chapter 18: The Brotherhood of Perverted Men
Chapter 19: The Exiles
Chapter 20: The Mole Hunts
Colonel Grace-Groundling-Marchpole
Robin Zaehner and Stuart Hampshire
Anthony Blunt and Andrew Boyle
Maurice Oldfield and Chapman Pincher
Picture Section
Notes
Index
Acknowledgements
About the Author
Also by Richard Davenport-Hines
About the Publisher
In MI5 files the symbol @ is used to indicate an alias, and repetitions of @ indicate a variety of aliases or codenames. I have followed this practice in the text.
